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Ubiquitylation of a protein substrate with SUMO and Nedd8 in the background

Ubiquitin and Ubls

Ubiquitin proteins, mutants, and chains as well as Ubiquitin like proteins SUMO, ISG15, NEDD, UFM, and FAT10. Over 70 ubiquitin proteins available in a wide range of tags. All the essential building blocks to make your in vitro assays a success.

E3 Ligase complex with ubiquitylation of a protein substrate

E3 Ligases + Targeted Protein Degradation

There are over 600 genes that code for E3 ligases in the human genome. E3 ligases typically confer target specificity for ubiquitination in addition to the enzymatic role of adding ubiquitin. Several E3 ligases have become popular components used with small molecule degraders in the promising field of targeted protein degradation (TPD).

Deubiquitylation of a protein substrate by a DUB, or deubiquitinating enzyme

Deubiquitinating Enzymes (DUBs)

The process of protein ubiquitination is reversible. DUBs are a large class of enzymes that remove ubiquitin from proteins. They play a diverse role across many pathways and often function in direct contact with the proteasome.

E1 enzyme transferring ubiquitin to an E2 enzyme

E1 Enzymes

E1 enzymes are ubiquitin activating enzymes that catalyze the first step in the ubiquitination process. They bind ubiquitin in an ATP-dependent manner via an internal cysteine residue. This ubiquitin bound to a E1 enzyme is then transferred to an E2 enzyme.

E2 enzyme being ubiquitinated by and E1 enzyme

E2 Enzymes

E2 enzymes, or ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes are involved in the transfer of ubiquitin to a target protein. There are about 40 human E2 enzymes.

Artistic schematic of the ubiquitin proteasome complex

Proteasome

The proteasome is the primary way cells degrade proteins. This mutiprotein complex containing multiple proteases forms a tube-like structure where proteins are degraded as they pass through. Bioactive, purified proteasomes are ideal for studying in vitro degradation of a protein of interest.

Accessory Proteins and TUBEs

Accessory Proteins

Accessory proteins are kinases and heat shock proteins that act as E3 ligase cofactors and proteins involved in aggresomal disorders such as Tau and alpha-Synuclein. 

SubstratesE2 enzyme as part of a complex with an E3 enzyme transferring ubiquitin to a specific substrate

Substrates

A wide range of biotinylated and fluorogenic peptide substrates used for in vitro proteasome experiments.

E3 activity kits

Ubiquitin-related Resources

A Chemical Toolbox to Support PROTACs

Targeted Protein Degradation Guide

Utilize our ubiquitin-related resources to learn more about the generation of a toolbox of building blocks for the development of Degraders and products available from Bio-Techne to support targeted protein degradation research.

Background Information

PROTAC® is a registered trademark of Arvinas Operations, Inc., and is used under license.